Researchers from the U.S. and Sweden have investigated the impact of regular physical activity on gene expression, revealing that exercise has long-term effects at the genetic level. Unlike previous studies focused on short-term changes, this research analyzed the effects of years of training. Scientists from the Karolinska Institute and the University of San Diego conducted the study to determine which types of physical activity produce the most significant genetic changes.
The experiment involved 40 participants, 25 of whom had been engaged in regular exercise for over 15 years, including running, cycling, and weightlifting. The control group consisted of 15 less active individuals. Muscle biopsy analysis showed that runners and cyclists exhibited changes in the activity of over 1,000 genes linked to protection against metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. In contrast, weightlifters showed significant changes in only 26 genes, likely due to strength training’s greater influence on proteins rather than RNA.
Additionally, researchers compared their findings to data from individuals with type 2 diabetes who had undergone several months of exercise. The results revealed that even a relatively short period of regular training could alter gene activity, bringing it closer to the levels observed in experienced athletes.
According to Professor Carl Johan Sundberg, just 6 to 12 months of physical activity can significantly improve metabolism and reduce the risk of chronic diseases in individuals with metabolic disorders.
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