The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is a region of weakened magnetic field located between South America and southwestern Africa. While it does not affect daily life on Earth, its impact on spacecraft is highly dangerous. Satellites crossing this area are exposed to intense radiation from solar particles, which can cause electronic malfunctions, equipment damage, and data loss.
NASA is actively studying the SAA to understand its nature and develop strategies to protect satellites and space stations. Scientists have observed a gradual westward shift of the anomaly and its division into two zones with minimal magnetic field strength.
The primary cause of the SAA is believed to be the movement of liquid iron in Earth’s outer core, which influences the structure of the magnetic field. Additionally, dense rock formations beneath Africa may contribute to the irregularities in the magnetic field, intensifying the effects of the anomaly.
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